The item checks whether students can integrate information from a non-continuous procedural text and infer an implied outcome.
Error Type: Over-literal reading of “two cut-outs”
Reasoning: Children see two separate fish and the clip, but ignore the word “paste”. They assume
the shapes stay apart rather than being glued back-to-back.
Demonstrate reading each step and verbalising the unseen result (“If they’re pasted, I will see only one fish; the clip is now inside”).
Before/After Card SortGive children shuffled images of each stage; ask them to order and explain what changes between cards.
Highlight ‘hidden’ ActionsShow children the “invisible” steps in a process—for instance, use the example of making toast to talk about what happens inside the toaster even though the instructions never spell it out.
Step AnnotationHave children number or underline instructions and sketch quick outcome doodles beside each to reinforce visualisation.
Analyse DistractorsShow all four options, let groups justify or refute each using evidence from the steps, then share
reasoning with the class.
Strengthening inference from procedural texts will help children follow complex instructions
accurately, connect ideas across steps and apply this critical reading skill in every subject.